Become a CNA: Guide & Steps to Certified Nursing Assistant Career

Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) are compassionate caregivers who provide hands-on care under the supervision of registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) to patients in hospitals, nursing homes, and even in personal home settings.

Becoming a CNA can be a career in itself or a stepping stone to higher-paying positions in the health care field. If you're interested in this entry-level position, our guide will cover the steps to becoming a CNA and what you can expect from this rewarding role.

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What Is a Certified Nursing Assistant?

A Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) is a health care professional who provides basic patient care under the direct supervision of Registered Nurses (RNs) and Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs). CNAs often serve as the primary point of contact for patients, assisting them with daily activities such as dressing, eating, and personal hygiene. This role allows individuals to gain hands-on experience in patient care and can be a stepping stone to more advanced positions in nursing or other health care fields.

If you’re new to the medical sector and want a solid foundation, the CNA role provides a front-row seat to what caregiving entails. Since CNAs interact with patients the most, they build direct relationships and help maintain patient comfort and dignity.

What Are the Job Duties of CNAs?

Certified Nursing Assistants—sometimes called nursing aides or patient care technicians—support patients’ day-to-day needs under the guidance of licensed nurses. While responsibilities vary by state regulations and facility policies, most CNAs can expect to do the following:

• Help patients safely transfer and ambulate
• Turn and reposition patients in bed
• Obtain and document vital signs
• Provide incontinence care
• Assist with grooming, bathing, and hygiene
• Perform range of motion exercises
• Change bed linens
• Document nutritional intake and stool/urine output
• Report abnormal findings to the nurse or supervisor

In certain facilities, CNAs with additional training may perform more advanced tasks such as catheter insertion, simple wound care, taking urine specimens, and measuring blood glucose.

Where Do CNAs Work?

CNAs may find employment in various health care environments, including hospitals, assisted living facilities, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, and long-term residential centers. If you’re searching for roles in private homes, CNAs who work in home health care settings are often called home health aides.

CNAs commonly work 12-hour shifts, though some facilities stick to an 8-hour schedule. Whether you’re on a traditional or extended shift, weekends, holidays, and overnights are typical parts of CNA duty since many patient-care settings operate around the clock.

Steps to Become a Certified Nursing Assistant

Unlike many other health care careers, you don’t need a college degree to pursue this profession. Typically, you need a high school diploma or GED and must complete a state-approved training program before taking a competency exam. Here’s what you need to be a CNA:

• Enroll in a recognized CNA course through a technical school, vocational school, or organizations like the Red Cross.
• Gain foundational knowledge in anatomy, nutrition, and infection control.
• Practice clinical skills like checking vital signs, repositioning, and safe transferring of patients.
• Pass your state’s competency exam and get placed on the nurse aide registry.

Because CNA programs often last four to twelve weeks, this is one of the quickest ways to enter the health care industry. Choose a reputable program that aligns with your nursing assistant education requirements and adequately prepares you for the exam.

Online CNA Classes

Online options are increasingly popular for people managing a busy schedule. With online CNA classes, coursework can be completed remotely, and clinical rotations typically happen in partner facilities. This framework ensures you still receive practical experience while benefiting from the flexibility of online learning.

The main advantage of online education is that you can learn at your own pace. However, it’s crucial to confirm your chosen program meets state-specific education requirements so you’re fully eligible for your CNA license or certification.

In-Person CNA Training

If you prefer face-to-face instruction, in-person CNA training may be your best fit. Many individuals appreciate the real-time interaction, direct feedback from instructors, and the opportunity to practice skills alongside classmates.

In-person classes can also strengthen communication abilities—essential for CNAs who work closely with patients. You’ll have the chance to refine your bedside manner, ask questions on the spot, and learn correct techniques to instill confidence before your first CNA job.

CNA Licensing and Certification

Once you’ve completed your CNA course, you’re eligible to sit for your state’s exam. This typically involves two parts: a written multiple-choice component and a practical demonstration, wherein you show five core skills needed for safe patient care.

Many states administer testing through third-party exam providers. Some states use the CNA exam developed by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).

Scoring often requires achieving a 70–75% on the written exam and demonstrating 100% competency on the clinical portion. Once you pass, you’ll join the nurse aide registry and can apply for a job as a CNA.

Requirements to maintain your certification also vary by state. You may need to complete continuing education or maintain a minimum number of clinical hours each year to keep your license valid.

Additional Certifications

In many facilities, employers may also expect CNAs to have a current CPR certification. The recommended course is commonly the Basic Life Support (BLS) program by the American Heart Association, as it ensures you’re equipped to handle emergencies if a patient’s heart or breathing stops.

How Long Does CNA Training Take?

Training lengths can vary based on location and program type. Some state-approved programs might require 75 hours of training, while others mandate at least 85 hours or more. Typically, you can complete all required coursework and clinical rotations in about four to twelve weeks. For instance, some programs might run with a set number of hours plus a period of clinical experience.

Because the commitment is relatively short, many aspiring health care professionals find a Certified Nursing Assistant role ideal for gaining practical experience before possibly pursuing advanced nursing roles.

Where to Find CNA Scholarships or Free Programs

One of the concerns for future nursing assistants is the cost of education. Fortunately, several routes can help cut or eliminate expenses:

• Hospital or Facility Programs: Some employers sponsor training if you commit to working with them after certification.
• Local Community Colleges: Many community colleges offer grants, scholarships, or waived fees for qualifying students.
• Workforce Development Grants: Several states have workforce development initiatives that pay for vocational training programs.

Be sure to research local organizations, public health departments, and nonprofit agencies that might provide additional funding or need-based scholarships. If you plan on remaining in a specific health care facility, it’s worth inquiring whether they subsidize CNA training in exchange for an employment agreement.

CNA Salary Outlook

Many people become CNAs to gain direct patient-care experience quickly and at minimal financial or time investment. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary for CNAs in 2022 was $35,760. While CNAs tend to earn less than many other medical professionals, the hands-on nature of the role offers a strong entry point into health care.

Below is a quick comparison of median salaries for different nursing roles:

Of course, actual pay varies by location, facility type, and demand. Remember: pursuing a CNA certification gives you vital patient-care skills in a short period, making it a strong option for those who want immediate employment opportunities or to explore health care without committing to lengthy and expensive degree programs.

FAQ

Is It Hard to Become a CNA?

Becoming a CNA isn’t necessarily hard, but the hands-on nature can be challenging for some. The coursework is typically straightforward if you pay attention in class, study consistently, and get accustomed to the practical skills. On the day of the exam, the principal hurdle may be demonstrating unfamiliar tasks under pressure, but thorough preparation can help you succeed.

What Is the Fastest Way to Become a CNA?

The quickest route often involves an accelerated program, which can be completed in as little as four to twelve weeks. These short-term courses combine essential theoretical instruction with clinical practice. Make sure to choose a program aligned with your state’s nursing assistant education requirements to ensure eligibility for certification.

Do CNAs Get Paid Well?

CNAs typically earn less than other nursing roles, such as LPNs or RNs. However, compared to the cost and time required to start working, many consider CNA pay fair for an entry-level health care position. Specific wages vary by state, facility type, and experience level. It can also serve as a gateway to higher-paying roles in the future, making it a solid choice for starting a health care career.

How Long Does It Take to Become a CNA in Georgia?

In Georgia, CNA training can often be completed within a few weeks. Specific programs may run approximately 85 hours of combined classroom and clinical training. Once you’ve passed the state competency exam, you’re listed on Georgia’s nurse aide registry. For more detailed guidelines, consult official resources from the Georgia Nurse Aide Program.

What Is the Most a CNA Can Make per Hour?

Hourly wages depend on location, experience, and demand. Highly experienced CNAs in high-cost-of-living areas or specialized units, such as critical care, can earn above the national average. While the standard hourly rate might sit between $14 and $18, some CNAs earn $20 per hour or more when factoring in shift differentials, overtime, or specialty roles.

Is Being a CNA Harder Than Being a Registered Nurse?

The challenges differ. CNAs often handle more physically demanding tasks, like lifting and repositioning patients, whereas RNs manage care plans, administer medications, and oversee a broader patient-care approach. Many CNAs later choose to pursue an RN license for higher pay and expanded responsibilities. This path lets you decide if a lifelong career in nursing is right for you.

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